{"id":14086,"date":"2017-08-22T17:49:21","date_gmt":"2017-08-22T14:49:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/belvg.com\/blog\/?p=14086"},"modified":"2025-02-11T13:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T11:12:57","slug":"magento-1-vs-magento-2-template-structure-certification-exam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/belvg.com\/blog\/magento-1-vs-magento-2-template-structure-certification-exam.html","title":{"rendered":"Magento 1 vs Magento 2 Template Structure (Magento Certification Exam)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We&#8217;re going to consider the structure of templates arrangement in Magento 1 and Magento 2. Are there any differences in the Magento versions? Let&#8217;s define!<!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Files arrangement in both Magento versions is following.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>As for Magento 1.<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design &#8211; folder for all design packages (layouts, templates, translations)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/frontend &#8211; frontend design<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/adminhtml &#8211; &#160;frontend templates for HTML admin panel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme} &#8211; your theme<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme}\/layout &#8211; .xml files which determine blocks structure when pages are designed <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme}\/template &#8211; .phtml (html with php tags) &#8211; templates<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/app\/design\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme}\/locale &#8211; Zend_Translate language tables for automatic package\/theme translation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \/skin\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme} &#8211; css, javascript-files and package\/theme images<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In Magento 1 theme file inheritance is covered:<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s consider files inheritance of the theme example.phtml:<\/p>\n<p>app\/design\/frontend\/our_package\/our_theme\/template\/page\/example.phtml<br \/>\napp\/design\/frontend\/our_package\/default\/template\/page\/example.phtml<br \/>\napp\/design\/frontend\/base\/default\/template\/page\/example.phtml<\/p>\n<p>Here is the example of example.css file inheritance:<\/p>\n<p>skin\/frontend\/our_package\/our_theme\/css\/example.css<br \/>\nskin\/frontend\/our_package\/default\/css\/example.css<br \/>\nskin\/frontend\/base\/default\/css\/example.css<\/p>\n<h3>As for Magento 2, it can be arranged in two places.<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. If a theme module is deployed in composer repository:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vendor\/magento\/theme-frontend-&lt;theme_code&gt;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vendor\/magento\/theme-adminhtml-&lt;theme_code&gt;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Classical arrangement:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">app\/design\/frontend\/&lt;Vendor&gt;\/&lt;theme_code&gt;<\/span><\/em><br \/>\n<em> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">app\/design\/adminhtml\/&lt;Vendor&gt;\/&lt;theme_code&gt;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Magento 2 theme inheritance takes place in the file &#8220;theme.xml&#8221;. In the tag &lt;parent&gt; parent theme is specified (inheritance from theme to theme is unlimited).<\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true\">&lt;theme xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation=\"urn:magento:framework:Config\/etc\/theme.xsd\"&gt;\r\n&#160; &lt;title&gt;example&lt;\/title&gt;\r\n&#160; &lt;parent&gt;Magento\/blank&lt;\/parent&gt;\r\n&#160; &lt;media&gt;\r\n&#160; &#160; &lt;preview_image&gt;media\/example.jpg&lt;\/preview_image&gt;\r\n&#160; &lt;\/media&gt;\r\n&lt;\/theme&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Let&#8217;s explore the templates structure which is suitable for arrangements described above.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;<\/strong> &#8211; Module-specific styles, layouts, and templates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/web\/css\/source &#8211;<\/strong>&#160;Module-specific styles (.css and\/or .less files). General styles for the module are in the _module.less file, and styles for widgets are in _widgets.less.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/layout<\/strong> &#8211; Layout files which extend the default module or parent theme layouts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/layout\/override\/base<\/strong> &#8211; Layouts that override the default module layouts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/layout\/override\/&lt;parent_theme&gt;<\/strong> &#8211; Layouts that override the parent theme layouts for the module.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/templates<\/strong> &#8211; This directory contains theme templates which override the default module templates or parent theme templates for this module. Custom templates are also stored in this directory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/etc\/view.xml<\/strong> &#8211; This file contains images configuration for all storefront product images and thumbnails.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/i18n<\/strong> &#8211; .csv files with translations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/media<\/strong> &#8211; This directory contains a theme preview (a screenshot of your theme).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web<\/strong> &#8211; Static files that can be loaded directly from the frontend.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web\/css\/source<\/strong> &#8211; This directory contains theme lessconfiguration files that invoke mixins for global elements from the Magento UI library, and theme.less file which overrides the default variables values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web\/css\/source\/lib<\/strong> &#8211; View files that override the UI library files stored in lib\/web\/css\/source\/lib<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web\/fonts &#8211;<\/strong>&#160;Theme fonts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web\/images<\/strong> &#8211; Images that are used in this theme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/web\/js<\/strong> &#8211; Theme JavaScript files.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/composer.json<\/strong> &#8211; Describes the theme dependencies and some meta-information. Will be here if your theme is a Composer package.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/registration.php &#8211;<\/strong>&#160;Required to register your theme in the system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>&lt;theme_code&gt;\/theme.xml &#8211;<\/strong>&#160;The file is mandatory as it declares a theme as a system component. It contains the basic meta-information, like the theme name and the parent theme name, if the theme is inherited from an existing theme. The file is used by the Magento system to recognize the theme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For static file generation it&#8217;s necessary to execute the command:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">magento setup:static-content:deploy [&lt;list of languages&gt;] [-t|&#8211;theme[=&#8221;&lt;theme&gt;&#8221;]] [&#8211;exclude-theme[=&#8221;&lt;theme&gt;&#8221;]] [-l|&#8211;language[=&#8221;&lt;language&gt;&#8221;]] [&#8211;exclude-language[=&#8221;&lt;language&gt;&#8221;]] [-a|&#8211;area[=&#8221;&lt;area&gt;&#8221;]] [&#8211;exclude-area[=&#8221;&lt;area&gt;&#8221;]] [-j|&#8211;jobs[=&#8221;&lt;number&gt;&#8221;]] &#160;[&#8211;no-javascript] [&#8211;no-css] [&#8211;no-less] [&#8211;no-images] [&#8211;no-fonts] [&#8211;no-html] [&#8211;no-misc] [&#8211;no-html-minify] [-d|&#8211;dry-run]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Static files are placed in &lt;your Magento install dir&gt;\/pub\/static and &lt;your Magento install dir&gt;\/var\/view_preprocessed<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we can see from the examples, .css and .js files arrangement has changed. Now they are not stored out of the template folder in &#8220;skin&#8221; folder as in Magento 1, but they are placed in homonymous folders within the theme. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, modules template arrangement has also improved. Similarly to Magento 1, they were placed in \/app\/design\/{area}\/{package}\/{theme}\/template, now they are placed in the module folder &lt;theme_code&gt;\/&lt;Vendor&gt;_&lt;Module&gt;\/templates.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the changes have simplified dealing with themes and modules templates. It&#8217;s unnecessary to look for files templates all over the project. Now it&#8217;s easier to create and install modules as well as themes. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"We&#8217;re going to consider the structure of templates arrangement in Magento 1 and Magento 2. &#8230;","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,389,471],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magento","category-magento2-development","category-magento-developer","post_format-image"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We\u2019re going to consider the structure of templates arrangement in Magento 1 and Magento 2. 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